Furnace wall construction



Oct. 27, 1942.

w. BEECHER r 2,299,874 FURNAGE MALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 4, 19:59

ATTORNEY Oct. 27, 1942,

Q H. w. BEECHER I 2,299,874

FURNACE WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Npv. 4. 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR HEN/Pr W Baa/2 BY MK 13%.

ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 27, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FURNACE WALL CONSTRUCTION Henry Beecher, Seattle, Wash, assignor to Gladding McBcan and Company Application November 4, 1939, Serial No. 302,863

' 10 Claims. (01. 72- 101) This invention relates to improvements in high temperature furnaces, and it has reference more particularly to the construction of vertical side and end walls of high temperature furnaces, wherein refractory tile are utilized in the formation of a heat resisting lining for a metallic frame structure that is external to the lining and furnace chamber; it being the principal object of the present invention to provide a wall structure having material advantages over present-day furnaces from the standpoint of economical manufacture and easy construction; which is relatively simple to construct and to repair; which maintains all steel or metal parts of the frame structure spaced a substantial and safe distance outside of the'heated lining, and

whichpermits the utilization of a greater proportion of refractories of standardized shapes in the wall construction than is usually provided for, and reduces the relative number of special shapes accordingly.

More specifically stated, the present invention resides in the provision of a furnace wall having a steel supporting structure, or in some instances, a brick supporting structure, to which a refractory lining is applied; the lining comprising vertically spaced, horizontal courses of refractories of special forms, with the spaces between these courses filled with standard refractory bricks, and the tile of the horizontal courses being sup--' ported and spaced from the brick or steel frame structure by a novel arrangement of refractories functioning as cantilever supports for the balance of the refractories.

Still further objects of the invention reside in the details of construction of those wall lining refractories which are of special shape, in their combination with each other and with thesupporting cantilever tile and the rods, and in the provision and use of the rods for anchoring the refractories in place.

Otherobjects of the invention reside in the details of construction and in the combination of parts as will hereinafter be fully described.

In accomplishing the above and other objects of the invention, I have provided the improved details of construction, the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein "Fig. 1 is a view showing, in vertical cross section, a portion of a furnace wall constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a view showing, in elevation, a part of a course of the wall lining tile of special form,

as supported by the cantilever tile; the View; being from the inside of the furnace.

Fig. 3 is acrosssection taken on the line 3-.-3 in Fig.2. I i

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one ofthe wall tiles of special form. a

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a wall tile of the.-other special form used alternately in the horizontal courses,with tiles of the kind shown in Fig. 4. 1

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of lever tiles.

Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a wall using a, brick skeleton or frame structure in lieu of metal.

Fig. 8 is 'asectional detail showing the tie ro arrangement for the support of wall refractories as used in the structure illustrated in Fig. 1; the view being taken on the line 88 in Fig. 1'.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the rods and cross bar arrangement.

Referring more in detail to the drawings- It is to be understood that any furnace embodying the present invention would necessarily one of the cantihave a suitable outside framework. Usuallyv the frame structure would comprise structural steelcolumns and horizontal cross members arranged as necessary or as desired to best suit any particular condition or design. However, the structural steel supporting structure may, in some instances, be omitted in lieu of a brick or masonry support. V

In Fig. 1 of the present drawings, I have shown a wall section having a structural steel frame including a vertical *I-beam II], to which horizontallyextending angle iron bars II and I2 are fixed across the inner and outer sides thereof. Such I-beams, I0, would be arranged at required intervals along a wall to give the proper strength and durability thereto, and would be extended to the height necessary or required for any particular furnace structure.

The refractory-lining for the wall in the present instance comprises vertically spaced, horizontal courses of tile or two different and special shapes, alternating in each course, and with the spaces between courses of tile filled with standard refractory brick laid up in double thickness and in such manner as to break and close all through joints. In these fillerbrick panels, expansion joints will be provided across the top thereof, as at l3, or where needed.

The refractory tiles, constituting the two different shapes that make up the horizontal wall courses are designated respectively by reference characters A and B, and, as will be noted by reference to Figs. 2 and 3, these tile are interfitting and are alternately disposed in the course in close relationship. Each tile A, as will be best understood by reference to Fig. 4, comprises two integral sections of block-like character, identified respectively by reference characters and d, and both of these sections are rectangular in horizontal cross section, as noted in Fig. 3, and approximately of equal thickness in the direction through the wall, but with the section d narrower in width. The section d is symmetrically located with reference to the side surfaces of the section 0, and therefore leaves the section 0 projectingbeyond its side surfaces. Also, as will be noted in Fig. 1, the sections 0 and d are of the same vertical length, but are offset endwise or vertically relative to each other, so that the upper end portion of section 012 extends above the upper end surface of section 0, and likewise the lower end portion of section 0 extends below the lower end surface of section d.

In the construction of a wall lining, the sections d are at the outside; that is, next to the metallic frame structure.

To provide for the application of the retaining rods to the tile A for retention of the wall lining in vertical alignment and for its attachment to the metallic frame structure, as will presently be described, the section (1 of the tile a is formed across its upper end surface with a transverse channel l4, and that part of the upper end surface of this channeled section that is at the outside of the channel, is formed at a slightly lower level, as at I5, than the level of that portion of tile end surface at the opposite or inside of the channel, as at I6, so as to leave proper clearance for the placement of the tie rod.

The special tiles B are the complements of tile A and alternate therewith in the horizontal courses. Each tile comprises two integral blocklike section, e and J, of rectangular cross-sectional form; the section e being of lesser width than the section f and symmetrically disposed with reference to the opposite side surfaces of the latter so that when the tile of the two different shapes are located alternately in a course, they will interfit closely together, and with all vertical-joints broken and closed, by reason of the overlap of the edge portions of sections 0 and f. This will be readily understood by reference to the horizontal section seen in Fig. 3.

It is also to be noted that the sections e and) of the tile B are offset endwise, or vertically relative to each other, to the same extent as are the sections cd. Thus when the tiles A and B are placed alternately in a horizontal course, as noted in Fig. 2, their upper and lower end surfaces are in horizontal alinement.

For the support of the refractory lining from the frame structure, I have provided vertically spaced, horizontal courses of cantilever tile G which support the wall lining from their inner ends; each of the cantilever tile is in the form of an elongated block of rectangular cross section, as noted in Fig. 6, and is mounted at its outer end in the frame structure. These cantilever tile G are laid in a course, side by side, horizontally, and perpendicular to the plane of the wall, and each has its bottom surface resting upon horizontal angle bar II that is at the inside of the vertical I-beam I0, and engages at the outer end of its top surface, against an angle bar l2, which is fixed to the I-beam across the outer side. The bars H and I2 are spaced vertically a distance equal to the vertical thickness of the cantilever tile, and the center of gravity of each cantilever tile, when it is disposed in position as illustrated in Fig. 1, is slightly inside the vertical plane of bar H, as indicated at X. Thus, there is no tendency of any of the cantilever tile to drop from position before the weight of the tiles A and B is applied to their inner ends.

In the placement of the cantilever tile in the frame structure, a horizontal course is laid, with the inner ends of the tile brought into alinement, and at suitable distance within the plane of the frame structure, then a horizontal course, formed by tile A and B alternately placed, is mounted on their inner ends, with the lower end surfaces of the tile sections d and f resting flatly upon the top surfaces of the inner end portions of the cantilever tile, and with the outer surfaces of the projecting lower end portions of sections 0 and e abutted against the inner end surfaces of the cantilever tile.

To prevent possible inward tilting of the courses formed by the tile A and B, when the filler bricks are placed thereon, I connect the upper end of each tile A with the metallic frame structure by means of the rods 20. These rods are disposed horizontally, and have downwardly turned portions 2| at their inner ends, forming hooks that are seated within the cross channels Hi and have upturned portions 22 at their outer ends forming hooks that holdingly engage against the outer edges of angle iron cross bars 25 that are extended between adjacent vertical beams l0 and which overlap at their ends with the beam flanges ID as will be observed in Fig. 8. To prevent possible tilting of the cross bars, the latter are equipped at their ends with downwardly extending brackets 21 forming extended, fiat bearing surfaces adapted to flatly engage with the flange ill of the I-beam l0.

It will be explained that the cross bars 25 might be fixed to the flanges l0 of the vertical I-beam it, if such should be found desirable, and also that the outer ends of the tie rods20 might extend over the top edges of these bars and have the anchor hooks turned down. However, it is now preferred to arrange the parts as in Fig. 1, and to leave the ends of the cross bars free for vertical sliding and thus to automatically adjust themselves to position.

In Fig. '7 is illustrated a furnace wall structure in which a brick wall is used as a framework in lieu of the steel frame shown in Fig. 1. In this structure of Fig. 7, the cantilever tile are embedded at their outer ends in the brick wall, and there are tie bricks 3| used in the filler brick panels as needed or desired to tie the panels of filler brick to this outer wall. Also, the tie rods 20 extend through the outer wall and have outer end portions formed with end hooks engaging anchor bars 3'! that are disposed against the outer sides of the brick wall. This design, however, utilizes the tiles of the refractory lining in substantially the same way as they are used wit the metallic frame structure.

Furnace walls, as heretofore described, are relatively easy to build, easy to repair and is economical by reason of the large number of standard brick that may be used therein. Also, the steel structure does not employ special complicated parts and is therefore relatively inexpensive to construct.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A furnace wall comprising an exterior supporting structure, and a refractory lining therefor comprising tile laid in vertically spaced, hori-- zontal courses with filler brick laid upon said courses and filling the space between them, cantilever tile removably mounted in the said frame structure and extended inwardly therefrom and terminating in the refractory lining and supporting, upon their inner end portions the tile of the horizontal courses, and tie rods with outer end portions applied to the frame structure and inner end portions retainingly engaging with tile in the horizontal courses to re tain the course against inward tilting.

2. A furnace wall comprising an exterior frame structure, and a refractory lining therefor; said lining comprising tile laid in vertically spaced, horizontal courses with filler brick laid upon said courses and filling the spaces between them, horizontal courses of cantilever tile, with outer end portions supported in the frame structure and extended inwardly from the frame structure and supporting the horizontal courses of tile directly upon their inner end portions; alternate tile of said horizontal courses having side edge portions overlapping the intermediate tile to retain the latter against inward tilting, and tie rods with outer ends attached to the frame structure and having holding connection at their inner ends with the said alternate tile for retaining the course against inward tilting.

3. In a furnace wall of the character described, an upright supporting structure having cooperating bars fixed horizontally therein, at different vertical levels and the lower bar being inwardly disposed relative to the upper bar, and a course of cantilever tile supported by the said frame structure and extending coextensively inward therefrom; said cantilever tile each resting upon said lower bar and engaging against the upper bar, and being so disposed relative thereto that the center of gravity is within the Vertical plane of the lower bar; and a refractory lining supported from the inner end portions of the cantilever tile. I

4. In a furnace of the character described, an upright frame structure comprising spaced, vertical columns, and pairs of horizontal bars fixed thereto at different vertical levels and respectively across the inner and outer sides of said the lower bar of the pair fixed across the inside of the vertical columns, and bearing upwardly against the horizontal bar across the outside of the vertical columns; courses of wall linin tile resting at their lower ends upon the inner end portions of the cantilever tile, tie rods extended between the upper ends of the tile of said lining courses and the frame structure to retain. said courses against inward tilting, and refractory brick mounted by the horizontal lining courses and filling the spaces between them.

5. A furnace wall structure as recited in claim 4 wherein the tie rods have inner end hooks applied to alternate tile of the said lining course and have outer end hooks applied to the frame structure, and alternate tile in the lining course have sustaining overlap with the tile intermediate thereof.

6. In a wall structure, a course of supporting tile and a course of lining tile supported thereby; said course of lining tile embodying two different complemental shapes, alternately located in the course; both shapes comprising inner and outer, integral sections of the same vertical length and offset endwise to locate the lower end portions of the inner sections below the lower end portions of the outer sections, and thus provide an overlapping abutment and seat for mounting on the supporting tile; the side edge portions of the outer sections of alternate tile being overlapped with the side edge portions of the inner sections of the intermediate tile.

the end surface of the cantilever tile to resist outward displacement; said wall tile having a transverse recess in its upper end, and a tie rod extending inwardly from the frame and having opposite end hooks applied respectively to the frame structure and to the transverse recess to retain the wall tile in upright position.

8. In a furnace of the character described, an upright frame structure'comprising spaced, vertical columns and pairs of horizontal rods fixed thereto at different vertical levels and respectively across the inner and outer sides of said vertical columns, a course of cantilever tile associated with each pair of bars and disposed upon the lower bar of the pair fixed across the inside of the vertical columns and bearing upwardly against the horizontal bar across the outside of the vertical columns, and a refractory lining for the frame supported from the inner end portions of the cantilever tile. 7

9. In a furnace of the character described, an upright frame structure, horizontal courses of cantilever tile mounted in vertically spaced relation in the frame structure and extending coextensively inward to form horizontal shelves and a furnace lining comprising panels of tile laid in single courses upon each of the shelves formed by the courses of cantilever tile; said tile of the latter courses having lower end portions resting flatly upon the shelves and having inner face portions depending to partially overlap the inner ends of the cantilever tile and said courses forming, at their upper ends, inner and outer vertically offset horizontal shelves, and inner and outer courses of filler brick laid upon said offset shelves and having the horizontal joints of said courses vertically offset by reason of the vertically offset relation of the horizontal shelves.

10. A structure as recited in claim 9 wherein inner and outer courses of the panel forming filler brick overlap with the inner ends of the courses of cantilever tile to provide closed expansion joints between panels.

HENRY W. BEECHER. 

